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COP30 Day 2 Summary: Tuesday 11th November 2025

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As COP30 continued in Belém, Brazil, Day 2 brought a mix of disruption, debate, and growing calls for action on resilience and adaptation. While Ethiopia was announced as the host country for COP32 and negotiations went on largely as planned, tensions around inclusion and funding for climate impacts became increasingly visible.
COP30 Summary

Indigenous Protests Call for Urgent Action

Day 2 was marked by a major protest inside the COP30 venue, as Indigenous activists forced their way into the conference hall demanding stronger protection of their lands and greater accountability from world leaders. Protesters carried banners reading “our forests are not for sale” and confronted security personnel at the entrance. The situation was quickly contained, and sessions resumed shortly afterward.
The protesters, many from Brazilian Amazon communities, called for an end to deforestation and criticised the slow pace of climate commitments. They also voiced concern over corporate influence at the summit, arguing that local and Indigenous voices remain marginalised in decision-making. Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva later reaffirmed his government’s recognition of Indigenous groups as key stakeholders in the country’s climate agenda.

Adaptation and Resilience Take Centre Stage

Beyond the protests, Day 2 focused heavily on adaptation — how nations can prepare for the growing frequency of climate-related disasters such as floods, fires, and storms. A new UN assessment revealed that developing countries may require up to US $310 billion per year by 2035 to fund resilience measures.
While development banks contributed more than US $26 billion to adaptation projects last year, private investment accounted for only a small fraction of total funding. The gap is now a central topic of discussion at COP30. Speakers from multiple countries stressed that resilience planning cannot rely on public funds alone and must involve innovative financing models and stronger private-sector participation.

Finance and Partnerships to Support Resilience

Several financing initiatives were announced on Day 2 to support adaptation and resilience. Among the most notable was a €300 million green loan from the European Investment Bank (EIB) and Brazilian energy firm Neoenergia to upgrade electricity networks in Bahia, Brazil. This investment should improve grid stability, reduce losses, and enhance renewable energy integration.
Brazil also introduced its Plan to Accelerate the Solution (PAS) — a new national framework designed to link local and federal climate efforts. The country, alongside other partners, launched the Coalition for High Ambition Multilevel Partnerships (CHAMP), which aims to coordinate climate governance across national, regional, and city levels.

Carbon Markets and Governance Evolve

Day 2 also brought updates on international carbon markets. Brazil’s vice minister for carbon markets announced that 18 countries — including the EU, China, and the UK — have now endorsed a new Open Coalition on Compliance Carbon Markets, aimed at improving transparency and cooperation.
However, the role of carbon trading remains a subject of debate. Activists at the summit criticised what they called “corporate capture” of climate mechanisms, pointing to sponsorships and lobbying by major agribusiness firms. One protest referred to carbon trading zones as a “carbon casino”, questioning whether current systems genuinely deliver emission reductions.
As COP30 continues, the next few days are expected to bring further developments on adaptation funding, carbon-market regulation, and global cooperation frameworks. Negotiators are likely to focus on turning pledges into enforceable commitments, while civil-society groups continue to demand stronger accountability.

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