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COP30 Day 10 Summary: Wednesday 19th November 2025

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Day 10 of COP30 delivered a combination of substantive progress on practical climate action and continuing challenges within the formal negotiation track. As the summit moved deeper into its second week, the focus turned strongly toward food systems, land restoration and industrial decarbonisation, while political discussions on fossil-fuel transition and climate finance struggled to advance at the pace many had hoped for.
COP30 Summary

Focus on Food Systems and Agricultural Transformation

Day 10 placed significant emphasis on the role of food systems and agriculture in global climate strategy. The official summary for the day highlighted that reshaping how food is produced, managed and distributed is essential to accelerating climate action and improving resilience. This framing positioned food systems not as standalone agricultural issues, but as central components of economic stability, land-use policy and climate mitigation.
The launch of the RAIZ Accelerator marked one of the day’s most notable developments. Supported by a coalition of ten countries, the programme aims to restore degraded farmland and unlock climate-aligned investment at scale. It introduces new opportunities for private-sector participation, mapping technologies and derisked finance to support sustainable land-use practices.
Alongside RAIZ, the TERRA Plan to Accelerate Solutions was introduced, giving a central voice to Indigenous peoples, traditional communities and family farmers. The plan recognises their crucial role in shaping agroecological practices and supporting the transition to resilient, low-emission food systems. Further momentum came from new commitments to advance aquatic and algae-based food systems, acknowledging their potential to expand inclusive and climate-resilient value chains. The Alliance of Champions for Food Systems Transformation also expanded its membership and released updated implementation frameworks to track progress since COP29.

Fertiliser Decarbonisation Gains Momentum

A major development with direct implications for industrial and energy strategies was the Belém Declaration on Fertilisers. The initiative seeks to reduce emissions from global fertiliser production—an energy-intensive process with significant industrial impact—by establishing shared standards, mobilising market demand and supporting digital tools that improve soil health.
This announcement reinforces that climate policy is increasingly interlinked across sectors, with land use, agriculture and industrial production now viewed as interconnected components of the wider decarbonisation system.

Progress in Implementation, Challenges in Negotiation

Despite the progress seen across the Action Agenda, the formal negotiation process continued to face obstacles. UN climate chief Simon Stiell highlighted that COP30 has already delivered a substantial set of real-world climate actions, noting their potential economic and social benefits. Even so, the contrast between these advances and the slower pace of political consensus became apparent.
Brazil, as COP30 President, had hoped to secure an early agreement, yet negotiators were unable to publish updated text or settle central issues such as the fossil-fuel transition roadmap. Disagreement remains over how quickly fossil fuels should be phased out and how financial assistance should be structured for developing economies. Climate finance, adaptation funding and the overall pace of transition continue to be points of divergence among Parties. This reflects a broader trend in climate diplomacy: progress on voluntary, action-oriented initiatives tends to move faster than formal agreements requiring full consensus.
Day 10 of COP30 showcased tangible momentum in areas such as agriculture, land restoration and industrial decarbonisation, even as the negotiation track continued to experience delays. For organisations, the developments point to both emerging opportunities and persistent uncertainties within the global climate landscape.

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